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Humphrey Marshall (1760 – July 3, 1841) was a politician from the U.S. states of Virginia and Kentucky. He served in the state legislatures of both states and represented Kentucky in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801. He was a member of the Marshall political family which included his cousins Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall, federal judge James Markham Marshall, and noted educator Louis Marshall. All the prominent members of this family were Federalists. Marshall was also the father of Congressman Thomas Alexander Marshall and the grandfather of Congressman and Confederate General Humphrey Marshall. During the Revolutionary War, Marshall served with the Virginia State Regiment of Artillery. After the war, he moved to the Kentucky District of Virginia where he became extremely wealthy as a farmer and surveyor. He was a delegate to two of the ten Kentucky statehood conventions and was one of only three delegates from the Kentucky District to vote in favor of ratifying the U.S. Constitution at the 1788 Virginia Ratifying Convention. After Kentucky gained statehood in 1792, Marshall was elected to the state legislature despite the fact that he was a Federalist and zealously antireligious – both of which made him unpopular with many Kentuckians. The Federalist cause received a slight boost when federal forces were successful in quashing the Whiskey Rebellion and ending the Indian threat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. As a result, the General Assembly elected Marshall to the U.S. Senate in 1794. As a senator, Marshall clung to Federalist principles, supporting the Alien and Sedition Acts and voting to ratify the Jay Treaty. For the latter action, his constituents stoned him and tried to throw him in the Kentucky River. In 1801, he was defeated for reelection by John Breckinridge. He would once again be elected to the state legislature in 1807, 1808, and 1823. During the 1809 legislative session, a disagreement between him and Henry Clay led to a duel between the two men in which both were slightly wounded. As early as 1786, Marshall had been implicating several prominent Kentucky politicians in a scheme to take Kentucky out of the Union and into alliance with Spain. After the expiration of his Senate term, he resumed these charges through the pages of the ''Western World'' newspaper. His allegations resulted in a legislative investigation of Kentucky Court of Appeals judge Benjamin Sebastian, who was found to be receiving a pension from Spain and resigned from the bench. Federal judge Harry Innes was also a target of Marshall's allegations, and the two became embroiled in a legal battle that lasted almost a decade. Innes hired William Littell to write and publish a book giving Innes' version of his dealings with Spain. Marshall countered by publishing his ''History of Kentucky'' in 1812. Although blatantly partisan, it became the most widely read history of the state at the time. Marshall and Innes ended their legal battle with an agreement, signed in 1815, that neither would publish anything negative about the other again. Innes upheld his part of the agreement, but in 1824, years after Innes' death, Marshall published an updated edition of his ''History of Kentucky'' which was just as vitriolic as the previous version had been. Marshall faded from public life during his later years. He died at the home of his son in Lexington, Kentucky on July 3, 1841. ==Early life== Humphrey Marshall was born in Orlean, Virginia in 1760.〔"Marshall, Humphrey". ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''〕 He was the son of John and Mary (Quisenberry) Marshall and apparently named in honor of his maternal grandfather, Humphrey Quisenberry.〔Quisenberry, p. 9〕 Marshall's father was a man of meager means despite being a member of a prominent Virginia family.〔"Humphrey Marshall". ''Dictionary of American Biography''〕 Little is known of Marshall's early years, but one tradition holds that he had no formal education during his childhood and that his cousin Mary (later, his wife) taught him to read.〔Quisenberry, p. 10〕 Eventually, John sent Humphrey to live with his brother, Thomas Marshall, and to be educated by the same Scottish tutors that educated Thomas' children.〔Quisenberry, p. 11〕 Among Thomas' children (Humphrey's cousins) were John Marshall, future Chief Justice of the United States; James Markham Marshall, future federal judge; and Louis Marshall, a noted educator.〔 In addition, one of Thomas' daughters, Nancy Marshall, married Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, a future U.S. Attorney.〔 After receiving his education, Marshall became a surveyor.〔 On January 4, 1778, Marshall enlisted as a cadet for a three-year term in the Virginia State Regiment of Artillery for service in the Revolutionary War.〔Quisenberry, p. 12〕 The unit was under the command of his uncle Thomas, who held the rank of colonel.〔 Marshall was assigned to the company of Captain Elisha Edwards.〔 Most of his service records have been lost, but according to his pension application, he held the rank of third lieutenant later in 1778, first lieutenant in 1779, and on December 18, 1789, he was promoted to the rank of captain lieutenant.〔 When the three-year commitment of Marshall and his fellow soldiers expired, their unit was disbanded; on February 6, 1781, Marshall was designated a supernumerary officer.〔Quisenberry, pp. 12–13〕 He ended his military service in 1782, and was rewarded with of land on the western frontier.〔Tachau, p. 609〕 In 1782, Marshall moved to present-day Kentucky and became deputy surveyor of Fayette County, again serving under his uncle Thomas.〔 Settling in Lexington, he purchased a lot in 1783.〔Quisenberry, p. 16〕 On September 18, 1784, he married his cousin, Anna Maria ("Mary") Marshall, Thomas' daughter, .〔 The couple had two sons, Thomas Alexander Marshall, who became a US Congressman; and John Jay Marshall, father of Congressman and Confederate general Humphrey Marshall.〔 They also had a daughter who was killed in infancy by lightning.〔''Biographical Cyclopedia'', p. 280〕 Shortly after the creation of Woodford County, Marshall moved within its borders and was appointed county surveyor by Virginia Governor Beverley Randolph.〔Quisenberry, p. 54〕 In this capacity, he surveyed and claimed significant additional tracts of land, becoming one of Kentucky's most wealthy citizens.〔 According to tradition, Marshall was known to boast that he could ride from Frankfort to Versailles, a distance of some , and never enter a tract of land that he didn't own.〔 He was also supposed to have boasted that he measured his silver coinage by the peck, not having time to count the individual coins.〔 Marshall did not believe in rule by the masses, frequently expressing his disdain for the common people.〔 His sharp wit and lack of tact in writing did little to endear him to his neighbors.〔 Like most of the members of his family, he subscribed to Federalist principles, although the majority of Kentuckians were affiliated with the Democratic-Republicans.〔 He was also ostracized by many of his neighbors for being zealously antireligious.〔Tachau, p. 610〕 He wrote pamphlets denouncing religion of all kinds and published them at his own expense.〔Quisenberry, p. 19〕 His later descendants were so embarrassed of his anti-religious writings that they had his personal papers burned.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humphrey Marshall (politician)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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